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摘要: 为从微观角度研究煤尘润湿性影响因素，探究分子结构参数与煤尘润湿性之间的定量关系，选取3种不同煤阶的煤样进行煤质特征分析以及煤尘润湿性接触角测定，同时通过13C核磁共振(13C−NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)实验，获得了煤分子结构参数，利用SPSS进行煤分子结构参数与接触角的相关性分析，最后，通过MATLAB进行在3种不同类型表面活性剂作用下的煤尘润湿性定量表征方程的构建。结果表明：在不同类型表面活性剂的作用下，影响煤尘润湿性的主要因素不同，主要为： 13C−NMR结构参数中的季碳、亚甲基和次甲基(
$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{H}} $ )、酚或芳醚碳($ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{P}} $ )、桥接芳碳($ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{B}} $ )，FTIR结构参数中的酯基（−COO−）、醚基（−O−）、羰基（C=O），可依据构建的定量表征方程，利用煤尘微观分子结构数据，快速进行煤尘润湿性的表征，进一步丰富了煤尘润湿的微观机理。Abstract: Improving the wettability of coal dust is commonly used for dust control in coal mines. The wettability of coal dust can be affected by various factors. This study aims to explore the quantitative relationship between coal dust molecular structure parameters and wettability at a micro level. This paper selects three samples with different coal ranks, including the Shangwan nonstick coal (BN), Zhaolou gas-fast coal (QF), and Yangquan anthracite coal (WY), which were crushed to coal dust with a particle size of less than 200 mesh (74 μm). Three different types of surfactants, i.e., alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10), sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (rapid penetrant T), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium -chloride (1631), were used for wetting coal dust. After preparing the experimental materials, molecular structure parameters and wetting contact angles of the samples were measured. First, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were conducted to obtain the microscopic molecular structure parameters of the coal samples. The relativity between the contact angle and 13C-NMR structural parameters and the contact angle and FTIR structural parameters were then, respectively, analyzed via the SPSS software to determine the principal factors. Finally, quantitative characterization equations describing the relationship between the wettability and molecular structure parameters of the studied samples were established through multiple linear regressions. Results reveal that under the action of different surfactants, the main factors affecting the wettability of coal dust are different. These factors mainly include quaternary carbon ($ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ ), oxygen-connecting aliphatic carbon ($ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $ ), and aromatic bridge carbon ($ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $ ) in 13C−NMR experiments and the ester group (−COO−), ether group (−O−), and carbonyl group (C=O) in FTIR experiments. The quantitative characterization equations established in this study provide a micro insight to understanding the affecting mechanism of coal dust wettability, which could facilitate the selection of surfactants and improve the reduction efficiency of coal dust.-
Key words:
- coal dust /
- wettability /
- 13C−NMR /
- FTIR /
- quantitative characterization
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图 2 不同煤样的13C−NMR分峰拟合图。（a）不粘煤；（b）气肥煤；（c）无烟煤
Figure 2. 13C-NMR peak fitting diagrams of coal dust with different degrees of metamorphism: (a) BN; (b) QF; (c) WY
图 3 煤样碳结构参数变化。（a）
$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}} $ ；（b）$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}} $ ；（c）$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $ ；（d）$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ 、$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}} $ Figure 3. Carbon structural parameters chart of coal dust: (a)
$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}} $ ,$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}} $ ; (b)$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ ,$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}} $ ; (c)$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $ ,$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $ ,$ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $ ; (d)$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}} $ ,$ {\text{}\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ ,$ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}} $ 
图 5 不粘煤、气肥煤、无烟煤的FTIR分峰图。（a）不粘煤FTIR分峰图：波数为700~900 cm−1；（b）不粘煤FTIR分峰图：波数为1000~1800 cm−1；（c）不粘煤FTIR分峰图：波数为2800~3000 cm−1；（d）气肥煤FTIR分峰图：波数为700~900 cm−1；（e）气肥煤FTIR分峰图：波数为1000~1800 cm−1；（f）气肥煤FTIR分峰图：波数为2800~3000 cm−1；（g）无烟煤FTIR分峰图：波数为700~900 cm−1；（h）无烟煤FTIR分峰图：波数为1000~1800 cm−1；（i）无烟煤FTIR分峰图：波数为2800~3000 cm−1
Figure 5. FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN, QF and WY：(a) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 700–900 cm−1; (b) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 1000–1800 cm−1; (c) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 2800–3000 cm−1; (d) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 700–900 cm−1; (e) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 1000–1800 cm−1; (f) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 2800–3000 cm−1; (g) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 700–900 cm−1; (h) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 1000–1800 cm−1; (i) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 2800–3000 cm−1
图 6 煤样芳香烃、脂肪烃、含氧官能团变化
Figure 6. Aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon, and oxygen-containing functional group chart of the coal sample
表 1 煤样的工业分析和元素分析（质量分数）
Table 1. Industry analysis and elementary analysis of the coal sample
% Coal sample Industry analysis Elemental analysis Mad Ad Vdaf FCad Cdaf Odaf Hdaf Ndaf Sdaf BN 4.83 2.56 32.93 59.68 81.50 10.6 5.48 1.51 0.65 QF 1.57 7.76 31.62 59.05 82.71 9.61 5.35 1.70 0.58 WY 1.25 7.30 20. 50 70.95 92.35 2.27 3.51 0.91 0.80 
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表 2 煤尘润湿性接触角测定结果
Table 2. Results of wettability contact angle measurement of coal dust
Coal sample Contact angle /(°) Distilled water OP−10 Rapid penetrant T 1631 BN 52.73 22.16 11.56 42.35 QF 68.16 27.17 13.78 40.27 WY 74.98 13.29 14.98 26.36
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表 3 煤样13C−NMR结构参数表
Table 3. NMR structure parameters of coal dust
Coal sample $ {f}_{\text{a}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{'}\text{}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}} $ BN 0.818 0.029 0.789 0.544 0.245 0.149 0 0.095 0.182 0.066 0.115 0.001 QF 0.679 0.012 0.667 0.476 0.191 0.128 0.034 0.029 0.321 0.089 0.191 0.041 WY 0.898 0.026 0.872 0.579 0.293 0.224 0.069 0 0.102 0.042 0.035 0.025
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表 4 各煤样红外结构参数含量
Table 4. Infrared structure parameter content of each coal sample
% Coal sample Infrared structure parameter content of coal sample Aromatic hydrocarbon Aliphatic hydrocarbon C−O C=O −O− −OH −COO− BN 3.957 1.677 1.925 5.095 5.327 1.069 0.060 QF 11.270 7.367 8.591 2.916 2.422 0.622 0.091 WY 4.984 0.497 2.890 0.073 0.250 0.540 0.142
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表 5 OP−10作用下的煤样13C−NMR结构参数与润湿性相关性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis of 13C−NMR structural parameters and wettability of OP−10
Correlation factors Correlation between factors Contact angle $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{'}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $ $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}} $ Contact angle 1 −0.661 −0.967 −0.942 −0.981 0.442 −0.637 −0.988 0.989 0.990 0.247
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表 6 OP−10作用下的煤尘FTIR结构参数与润湿性的相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of FTIR structural parameters and wettability of OP−10
Correlation factors Correlation between factors Contact angle Aromatic hydrocarbon Aliphatic hydrocarbon C—O C=O —O— —OH —COO— Contact angle 1 0.687 −0.867 0.684 0.688 0.564 0.299 −0.997
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表 7 煤尘润湿性主要影响因素
Table 7. Main impact factors of coal dust wettability
Surfactant Influencing factors (13C−NMR parameters) Influencing factors (FTIR parameters) OP−10 $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $(−) $ {\text{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}} $(+) —COO—(−)* Aliphatic hydrocarbon (−) Rapid penetrant T $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}} $(−)* $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $(+) —O—(+) —OH(−) 1631 $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}} $(−) $ {\text{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}} $(−) C=O(+) —O—(−)
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