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摘要: 钢铁工业是CO2的排放大户，也是CO2资源潜在用户，通过研究证实了CO2能够在炼钢流程中实现高效利用。二氧化碳绿色洁净炼钢技术通过利用CO2的反应冷却、气泡增殖、弱氧化、强冲击等独有特性，解决了炼钢烟尘和炉渣固废源头减量，钢水磷、氮、氧洁净控制诸多炼钢工艺难题，构建了CO2炼钢理论体系，实现了CO2利用和炼钢生产工艺的结合。本技术作为“中国低碳原创技术”，促进了我国钢铁工业绿色低碳技术的发展，我国每年将减少炼钢固体污染物产生约1000万吨，温室气体减排约2600万吨，是建设“碳中和”国家的重要助力。Abstract: The iron and steel industry is not only a large emitter of CO2 but also a potential user of CO2 resources. Research has confirmed that CO2 can be used efficiently in steelmaking. The carbon dioxide green and clean steelmaking technology solves many problems in the steelmaking process, such as the generation of steelmaking dust and slag solid waste at the source is reduced, and phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen in the molten steel are controlled within the optimal concentrations using the unique characteristics of CO2 such as reactive cooling, bubble proliferation, weak oxidation, and strong impact. These characteristics are the basis for the theoretical system of CO2 steelmaking and ensure optimal CO2 utilization and steelmaking. This technology created a precedent for the high-quality utilization of CO2 in the iron and steel industry, formed a standard system for the resource utilization of CO2 in the iron and steel industry for the first time, and is an innovation in the utilization and emission reduction methods of the greenhouse gas CO2. As “China’s original low-carbon technology,” this has promoted the development of green and low-carbon technology in China’s iron and steel industry and will reduce the production of solid pollutants in steelmaking and greenhouse gas by 10 million tons and 26 million tons annually, respectively, which is an important help in building a “carbon neutral” country. Moreover, this provides an important technical guarantee for winning the defensive war of “blue sky, clear water, and pure land,” and comprehensively demonstrates the outstanding contribution of the “Chinese creation” to energy conservation and emission reduction of the world’s iron and steel industry.
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Key words:
- carbon dioxide /
- resource utilization /
- steelmaking /
- reduce dust /
- dephosphorization /
- degassing /
- clean steel
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图 2 火点区温度随CO2喷吹比例的变化
Figure 2. Fire point area temperature variation with the CO2 mixing ratio
图 3 冶炼过程炼钢烟尘与TFe量变化
Figure 3. Variation of steelmaking dust and TFe in the smelting process
图 4 炼钢粗灰产生量随CO2用量变化
Figure 4. Variation of coarse ash production in steelmaking with CO2 consumption
图 5 熔池升温和脱磷的温度与时间
Figure 5. Temperature and time of bath heating and dephosphorization
图 6 CO2比例分段动态调控软件界面
Figure 6. Software interface of CO2 ratio dynamic adjustment in stages
图 7 脱磷转炉终点P的质量分数变化对比
Figure 7. Comparison of the P mass fraction change at the end point of the dephosphorization converter
图 8 常规转炉终点P的质量分数变化对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the P mass fraction change at the end point of the conventional converter
图 10 不同介质CO产生量随吹炼进程变化
Figure 10. Variation of CO production in different media with the blowing process
图 11 纯氧及CO2混合顶吹下CO分压
Figure 11. Partial pressure of CO under top blowing of pure oxygen and mixed CO2
图 12 射流供氧−动能随CO2比例变化
Figure 12. Variation of the jet oxygen supply-kinetic energy with the CO2 ratio
图 13 300 t转炉终点钢液碳氧积
Figure 13. End-point carbon and oxygen equilibrium in the liquid steel of the 300 t converter
图 14 电弧炉终点钢液碳氧积
Figure 14. End-point carbon and oxygen equilibrium in the liquid steel of the electric arc furnace
图 15 “工业尾气→CO2回收→炼钢利用”的CO2工业大规模利用新途径
Figure 15. New ways of large-scale industrial utilization of CO2 in “industrial tail gas → CO2 recovery → steelmaking utilization”
表 1 各元素与CO2反应热力学数据
Table 1. Thermodynamic data of the reaction between elements and carbon dioxide
Reaction equation ∆Gϴ/(J·mol−1) ∆Gϴ（T=1923 K）/（J·mol−1） ∆H（T = 298 K）/（J·mol−1） [C] + CO2(g) = 2CO(g) 140170 − 125.60T −101358.80 172520.00 2/3[Al] + CO2(g) = 1/3 (Al2O3) + CO(g) −238845 + 41.75T −158559.75 −275120.00 1/2[Si] + CO2(g) = 1/2(SiO2)（s） + CO(g) −88430 + 0.80T −86891.60 −172180.00 [Mn] + CO2(g) = (MnO) + CO(g) −126880 + 39.98T −49998.46 −101910.00 2/5[P] + CO2(g) = 1/5(P2O5) + CO(g) 91555 − 16.86T 59133.22 −26620.00 2/5[P] + CO2(g) + 4/5CaO = 1/5(4CaO·P2O5) + CO(g) −144446 + 43.22T −61333.94 −55820.00 Fe(l) + CO2(g) = (FeO) + CO(g) 48980 − 40.62T −29132.26 40370.00 
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参考文献
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