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摘要: 建立了球轴承ADAMS多体动力学模型，考虑轴承各元件之间的相互碰撞作用及摩擦力，分析了变工况下动量轮用球轴承的保持架质心的涡动行为，对保持架的运行稳定性做出了定量的分析。讨论了轴承启动加速度大小、轴向载荷和有无重力场对保持架稳定性的影响。结果表明轴承启动加速度增加，缩短了轴承启动过程的时间，引导面对保持架的引导作用增强，较高的转速更有利于保持架运行的稳定，但较大的启动加速度使得轴承摩擦力矩较大；轴向载荷升高加剧了滚动体与保持架的碰撞，增加了保持架的涡动状态，而且轴向载荷的增加使得轴承摩擦力矩增加；失重状态下保持架与套圈的碰撞加剧，保持架涡动增加。Abstract: The momentum wheel is a key device used for orbiting satellite attitude control. Its controlling accuracy is strongly influenced by the cage stability of the ball bearings in momentum wheels. The more stable the cage, the smaller the friction moment of the bearing, and the higher the control accuracy of the momentum wheel. In this study, an ADAMS multi-body dynamic model of ball bearings was built. In this model, the collision and friction were considered, which exist in the components of the ball bearing, that is, the balls, the rings, and the cage. The whirl behavior of the cage of the ball bearing used in the momentum wheel was analyzed under variable working conditions, and the cage stability was quantitatively analyzed. The effects of starting acceleration, axial load, and gravity field on the cage stability were discussed. The results show that an increase in the starting acceleration of the ball bearings can shorten the starting time, and the guiding effect of the guiding face on the cage is enhanced. Moreover, the cage is more stable when the speed of the ball bearing is higher. However, the greater starting acceleration can increase the friction moment of the ball bearing, which can shorten the service life. Under the premise of satisfying the cage stability, a smaller starting acceleration should be used as far as possible to prevent the larger friction moment. An increased axial load causes a strong collision of the cage and balls and increases the cage whirling state. The friction moment of the ball bearing increases when the axial load increases, which can lead to the generation of the wear and heat of bearing. In addition, an increase of the axial load of the ball bearing aggravates the collision of the balls and cage and increases the whirling state of the cage, and this reduces the cage stability. The collision of the cage and ring increases without gravity, causing an increase in the cage whirl.
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图 2 摩擦系数与滑动速度之间关系
Figure 2. Relationship between friction coefficient and slip velocity
表 1 轴承组件材料属性表
Table 1. Material property of bearing component
零件 密度，ρ/（kg·m−3） 弹性模量，E/Pa 泊松比，μ 外圈 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 内圈 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 滚动体 7.90×103 2.06×1011 0.29 保持架 1.24×103 3.00×109 0.35 
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表 2 轴承启动加速度大小对保持架质心轨迹演化的影响
Table 2. Influence of acceleration on the evolution of the mass center of cage
α/（r·min−1·s−1） 质心轨迹演化 加速区 稳态区 加速+稳态区 1000 
5000 
8000 
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表 3 轴承轴向力对保持架质心轨迹演化的影响
Table 3. Influence of axial load on the evolution of the mass center of cage
Fa/N 质心轨迹演化 加速区 稳态区 加速+稳态区 5 
200 
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