李宇, 刘月明. 我国冶金固废大宗利用技术的研究进展及趋势[J]. 工程科学学报, 2021, 43(12): 1713-1724. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.09.15.003
引用本文: 李宇, 刘月明. 我国冶金固废大宗利用技术的研究进展及趋势[J]. 工程科学学报, 2021, 43(12): 1713-1724. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.09.15.003
LI Yu, LIU Yue-ming. Progress and trend of bulk utilization technology of metallurgical solid wastes in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(12): 1713-1724. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.09.15.003
Citation: LI Yu, LIU Yue-ming. Progress and trend of bulk utilization technology of metallurgical solid wastes in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(12): 1713-1724. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.09.15.003

我国冶金固废大宗利用技术的研究进展及趋势

Progress and trend of bulk utilization technology of metallurgical solid wastes in China

  • 摘要: 我国钢渣、赤泥、铜渣和部分铁合金渣年排放量在千万吨甚至亿吨级,难以大量用于传统的水泥、混凝土或道路工程领域,是难利用的大宗冶金固废。本文分析了以上典型冶金固废大宗资源化利用的现状,指出了制约大宗资源化利用的瓶颈问题;进一步提出砂石骨料、陶瓷材料、人造石材在我国具有年亿吨级乃至百亿吨级的市场需求,适合作为冶金固废利用的大宗量出口,并综述了这一领域冶金渣低成本制备烧结陶粒、冶金渣制备陶瓷和烧结砖、熔渣调质制备骨料以及熔渣人造石材制备等方面研究取得的进展,包括在新建年10万吨基于带式焙烧机原理的固废陶粒生产线上进行了赤泥掺加质量分数50%~65%的烧结陶粒工业化生产试验;分别掺入质量分数40%~60%的赤泥,30%~50%的钢渣,50%~80%的铜渣,先后完成了陶瓷砖和烧结砖的工业化中试以及工业化生产实验;加入质量分数12.96%的砂子对熔融电炉渣进行调质并制备砂石骨料、基于“Petrurgic”工艺的利用熔渣制备石材技术也完成了工业化和中试试验。在此基础上提出了固废的大宗量利用、协同利用、节能减碳利用和与智能化结合的资源化利用是这一领域技术发展的主要趋势。

     

    Abstract: In China, the annual discharge of steel slag, red mud, copper slag, and most ferroalloy slag has reached 10–100 million tons; these slags are difficult to be resued due to poor utilization in the fields of cement, concrete, or road pavement. The difficult reusing of these wastes requires new theory and technology, particularly due to the huge scale and concentration in their distribution in China. This study analyzed the current situation of the bulk utilization of the abovementioned typical metallurgical solid wastes and summarized the causes of the problems hindering the utilization, including harmful components, low cementitious reactivity, fine particle size, instability in composition, and huge discharge amount in China, distribution concentrated in several areas for a kind of metallurgical solid waste. Owing to a huge market of 100 million tons or even 10 billion tons per year in China, aggregates, ceramic materials, and artificial stones are suitable for the bulk utilization of solid wastes. Relative research progresses in the low-cost preparation of sintered ceramsite from metallurgical slags, slag-based ceramic tiles and fired bricks, modification of molten slags for producing aggregates, and artificial stones directly converted from molten slags were reviewed. During these researches, an experiment on the industrial production of sintered ceramsite with mass fraction of 50%–65% red mud in its raw materials was conducted in a new 100-thousand tons production line. Ceramic tiles and sintered bricks with mass fraction of 40%–60% red mud or 30%–50% steel slag, or 50%–80% copper slag were respectively produced in the pilot-scale experiment and industry line. The direct conversion of molten slag into building materials is an energy-saving and carbon-reducing technology. An industrial experiment for modification of a molten electric arc furnace slag with mass fraction of 12.96% sand added during its discharge process without any energy supply was completed, and the modified slag was further converted into an artificial aggregate with qualified volume stability properties. A casting stone with low production cost was prepared directly from the modified molten slag in small-scale experiments using the “Petrurgic” heat treatment method. Finally, main trends of the utilization technology for the metallurgical slag were further put forward, including the large-scale utilization technologies, synergistic utilization technology for different solid wastes, energy-saving or recovery and carbon reduction technologies during the utilization process, and intelligent technologies integrated into the resource’s utilization process. Besides these four aspects, the change and improvement of approach toward solid wastes, management of solid wastes, and promotion of new technology applications for people in the production, treatment, and management departments in the metallurgical industry are especially important.

     

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