褚绅旭, 杨倩, 李思远, 谷梦佳, 李嘉欣, 赵玉晴, 雷凯翔. 钾离子电池合金负极与电解液界面作用的研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报, 2023, 45(7): 1101-1115. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.01.24.003
引用本文: 褚绅旭, 杨倩, 李思远, 谷梦佳, 李嘉欣, 赵玉晴, 雷凯翔. 钾离子电池合金负极与电解液界面作用的研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报, 2023, 45(7): 1101-1115. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.01.24.003
CHU Shen-xu, YANG Qian, LI Si-yuan, GU Meng-jia, LI Jia-xin, ZHAO Yu-qing, LEI Kai-xiang. Research progress on the interface interaction between alloys and electrolytes in potassium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(7): 1101-1115. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.01.24.003
Citation: CHU Shen-xu, YANG Qian, LI Si-yuan, GU Meng-jia, LI Jia-xin, ZHAO Yu-qing, LEI Kai-xiang. Research progress on the interface interaction between alloys and electrolytes in potassium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(7): 1101-1115. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.01.24.003

钾离子电池合金负极与电解液界面作用的研究进展

Research progress on the interface interaction between alloys and electrolytes in potassium-ion batteries

  • 摘要: 近年来,钾离子电池(KIBs)因钾元素丰度高、氧化还原电位低等优势受到越来越多的关注。负极是电池的重要组成部分之一,直接影响着电池的安全性、稳定性和能量密度。其中,合金负极基于多电子反应机制能够提供较高的理论比容量,有望提升全电池的能量密度。此外,其储钾电位远离了金属钾的沉积/析出电位,保证了电池的安全性。然而,(去)合金化过程中剧烈的体积波动会引起电极材料的破裂和粉化,进而导致容量快速衰减。优化电解液构筑稳定的电极–电解液界面是一种切实有效稳定合金负极结构的方法,主要包括:调控固体电解质膜的组分、调节钾离子的溶剂化结构、利用溶剂对电极的化学吸附作用等。它具备工艺简单、成本低廉等优点。本文综述了近年来钾离子电池合金负极与电解液界面作用的相关研究进展,总结了电解液的优化策略,分析了合金负极的储钾机制和电化学性能,重点阐述了合金负极与电解液的界面作用机制,并对未来钾离子电池电解液的发展提供了新的见解与思路。

     

    Abstract: Developing new energy, reducing fossil energy consumption, and building a green and low-carbon energy system are important strategies to achieve carbon neutrality. To realize the grid connection of new energy generation, rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are expected to be used in large-scale energy storage, considering sufficient potassium resources and potential high-energy density. Anode, an essential battery component, directly determines the battery safety, cycle life, and energy density. Among various anodes, alloys can provide high theoretical specific capacity based on the multi-electron reaction mechanism, which is promising in terms of improving the energy density of a full battery. Their K-storage voltages also stay away from the deposition/stripping potentials of metallic K, thereby enhancing battery safety. However, the dramatic volume variation upon alloying and dealloying leads to electrode pulverization and capacity fading in traditional carbonate-based electrolytes. An effective method for stabilizing an alloy-based anode structure is the construction of a stable electrode–electrolyte interface by electrolyte optimization, which has the advantages of a simple process and low cost. Accordingly, the utilization of interfacial engineering to achieve stable alloy anodes has been frequently reported in the past few years. This topic includes the following: (1) regulation of the components of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers to improve mechanical strength and ionic conductivity, buffer volume fluctuation, and reduce electrode corrosion; (2) adjustment of the solvated structure of K+ to enhance the diffusion rate and inhibit the electrolyte decomposition; and (3) utilization of solvent molecular chemisorption on the electrode to induce its microstructure change, improve the electrolyte wetting ability, and relieve volume change. The SEI is a passivation film generated on the electrode surface at the initial battery operation stage. Research on its structure, component, and formation mechanism is still basic due to its instability and complexity and limited research methods. Whether the solvated structure of cation and electrolyte adsorption affect the SEI structure and composition remains unclear. How the solvated structure and the electrolyte adsorption improve the electrode stability must also be further studied. This review covers recent research progress on the interfacial interaction between alloy anodes and electrolytes in KIBs, summarizes the electrolyte optimization strategies, analyzes the potassium storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance of alloy anodes, and highlights the interfacial interaction mechanisms. More importantly, this paper provides new insights for the future development of KIB electrolytes.

     

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