薛优, 杨涛, 王宏洋, 王恩会, 周国治, 侯新梅. 基于静电纺丝法原位极化PVDF纳米纤维薄膜构建高效压电纳米发电机[J]. 工程科学学报, 2023, 45(7): 1156-1164. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.14.001
引用本文: 薛优, 杨涛, 王宏洋, 王恩会, 周国治, 侯新梅. 基于静电纺丝法原位极化PVDF纳米纤维薄膜构建高效压电纳米发电机[J]. 工程科学学报, 2023, 45(7): 1156-1164. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.14.001
XUE You, YANG Tao, WANG Hong-yang, WANG En-hui, ZHOU Guo-Zhi, HOU Xin-mei. Construction of a high-efficiency piezoelectric nanogenerator based on in situ polarization of PVDF nanofiber films by electrospinning[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(7): 1156-1164. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.14.001
Citation: XUE You, YANG Tao, WANG Hong-yang, WANG En-hui, ZHOU Guo-Zhi, HOU Xin-mei. Construction of a high-efficiency piezoelectric nanogenerator based on in situ polarization of PVDF nanofiber films by electrospinning[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2023, 45(7): 1156-1164. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.14.001

基于静电纺丝法原位极化PVDF纳米纤维薄膜构建高效压电纳米发电机

Construction of a high-efficiency piezoelectric nanogenerator based on in situ polarization of PVDF nanofiber films by electrospinning

  • 摘要: 全球化石能源危机和环境污染问题使得高效利用绿色、可再生清洁能源成为大势所趋。机械能因其丰富、易获取和无污染等特点被认为是理想的替代能源之一。压电纳米发电机(PENG)可以将环境中的机械能转化为电能,为电子设备提供动力。然而,传统的压电材料必须通过电极化诱导偶极子排列才能获得压电性能,增加了器件制备的工序和能耗。同时,当去除外加电场时会发生退极化效应,致使压电材料的性能稳定性下降。通过静电纺丝法纺丝过程产生的强电场和机械拉伸使聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维晶体中的偶极子定向排列,从而实现原位极化,获得了高电活性β相达78.7%的PVDF纳米纤维薄膜。基于该薄膜构建的PENG实现了机械能向电能的直接转化,其开路输出电压为1.6 V,短路输出电流为0.14 μA,分别是旋涂法制备薄膜的4.5和2.6倍。PVDF−PENG通过桥式整流器在人的手指敲打60 s后可将1 μF的电容器充电到2 V。在200 MΩ的外加负载下其最大输出功率为0.03 μW。PVDF−PENG在连续2000次按压发电后,仍能保持约100%的输出能力,验证了其长期稳定的服役能力。最后PVDF−PENG通过采集手指轻敲的能量可点亮LED灯和驱动电子表,证明了实际应用的能力。

     

    Abstract: Because of the global fossil energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the efficient use of green, renewable, and clean energy has become a major trend. Mechanical energy is considered an ideal alternative energy source because of its abundance, accessibility, and non-polluting characteristics. A piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) can convert environmental mechanical energy into electrical energy to power electronic devices. However, conventional piezoelectric materials must induce dipole alignment by electrical polarization to obtain piezoelectric properties, which substantially increases the cost and energy consumption of device preparation. Meanwhile, depolarization occurs when the external electric field is removed, which severely affects the performance of the piezoelectric material. In this study, PVDF nanofiber film is prepared using the electrospinning method. The PVDF dipole is rearranged to achieve in situ polarization by a strong electric field and stretching force generated by the electrospinning process. The PVDF nanofiber film process has a high electroactive β-phase content of 78.7%, which is the main contributor to the piezoelectric properties. The PENG constructed based on this film achieves direct conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, greatly improving energy use. The open-circuit output voltage of the thin film PENG prepared based on the electrostatic spinning method is 1.6 V, and the short-circuit output current is 0.14 μA, which are 4.5- and 2.6-fold higher than those prepared using the spin-coating method, respectively. The PVDF–PENG can charge a 1-μF capacitor to 2 V through a bridge rectifier after 60 s of human finger tapping. The power density of the PVDF–PENG is analyzed by measuring the electrical parameters at both ends of the resistor. The maximum output power is 0.03 μW at an applied load of 200 MΩ. More electrical energy can be obtained based on the PVDF–PENG, which further illustrates its possibilities and reliability in practical applications. Further, the PVDF–PENG maintains approximately 100% output capacity after 2000 consecutive cycles of compression, verifying its long-term stable service capability. Finally, the energy collected from the mechanical energy of human motion by the PVDF–PENG is explored to drive low-power consumer electronics. Six commercial LEDs are lit by using a large PENG without using any storage device. In addition, a bridge rectifier is used to charge a 2.2-μF capacitor, which successfully lights up a commercial electronic watch.

     

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