李祥, 马保中, 马玉天, 孙渊君, 张娟, 王成彦. 复杂铜钴共伴生矿有价金属回收综述[J]. 工程科学学报, 2024, 46(8): 1349-1357. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.12.004
引用本文: 李祥, 马保中, 马玉天, 孙渊君, 张娟, 王成彦. 复杂铜钴共伴生矿有价金属回收综述[J]. 工程科学学报, 2024, 46(8): 1349-1357. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.12.004
LI Xiang, MA Baozhong, MA Yutian, SUN Yuanjun, ZHANG Juan, WANG Chengyan. Review on recovery of valuable metals from complex copper–cobalt co-associated mines[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2024, 46(8): 1349-1357. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.12.004
Citation: LI Xiang, MA Baozhong, MA Yutian, SUN Yuanjun, ZHANG Juan, WANG Chengyan. Review on recovery of valuable metals from complex copper–cobalt co-associated mines[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2024, 46(8): 1349-1357. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2023.09.12.004

复杂铜钴共伴生矿有价金属回收综述

Review on recovery of valuable metals from complex copper–cobalt co-associated mines

  • 摘要: 铜和钴是重要的战略有色金属,因其优异的理化性质应用广泛. 非洲刚果(金)等地区的复杂铜钴共伴生矿,铜钴比可达3∶1,是重要的铜钴矿产资源. 由于全球对铜钴需求的不断增加,从复杂铜钴共伴生矿(后续综述表述为铜钴矿)中协同提取铜、钴等有价元素意义非凡. 本文综述了包括氧化矿与硫化矿在内代表性复杂铜钴共伴生矿资源的矿物学特点,全面比较和讨论了氧化矿与硫化矿的焙烧、浸出等提取工艺的区别. 最后对从复杂共伴生铜钴矿中提取铜、钴的前景与挑战进行了评估. 综述表明氧化铜钴矿更适合采用湿法工艺处理,而硫化铜钴矿则更适合用焙烧–浸出相结合的强化浸出工艺处理. 综述中对比了铜钴矿金属提取过程中的热力学特点与动力学限制因素.

     

    Abstract: Copper and cobalt, both strategic metals, play an indispensable role in many fields, such as national infrastructure and defense science and technology. Copper, one of the earliest nonferrous metals discovered, extracted, and applied by humans, teams up with cobalt—a silver-white metal—that serves as a crucial raw material for superalloys, permanent magnets, and chemical industries. The production and consumption of these metals significantly affect the development of national infrastructure, essentially controlling the lifeblood of the national economy. The wide-ranging application of copper and cobalt necessitates an efficient extraction process for these resources. For instance, Congo, Africa, hosts complex copper–cobalt co-associated deposits where the copper–cobalt ratio can reach 3∶1, making it a significant resource. Given the increasing global demand for copper and cobalt, extracting these valuable elements from complex copper–cobalt co-associated ores is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the mineralogical characteristics of these complex resources, including oxidized ores and sulfide ores. It compares and discusses the characteristics of extraction processes such as roasting and leaching. Ultimately, it evaluates the prospects and challenges of extracting copper and cobalt from complex co-associated copper–cobalt deposits. The review reveals that copper–cobalt oxide ores are more compatible with pure wet process treatment, while sulfide ores are better suited for an enhanced leaching process combined with roasting and leaching. The thermodynamic characteristics and kinetic limiting factors of metal extraction from copper–cobalt ores are also compared in this review. In the extraction of the copper–cobalt oxide ore, the mature extraction process is reduction leaching, and different reducing agents show different leaching effects. It is worth noting that there are significant differences in the degree of weathering of copper oxide cobalt ores. Considering Africa’s relatively underdeveloped power facilities and the shortage of chemical reagents, biological leaching and heap leaching present alternative methods for copper oxide cobalt ores. For copper and cobalt sulfide ores, the promising approach for industrial application is a method that combines enrichment, roasting, and leaching. As the copper–cobalt sulfide ore is nearly the only cobalt occurrence mineral, strengthening the phase transformation of copper–cobalt sulfide ore is vital for cobalt extraction. This can be optimized from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. The aim of this paper is to provide some references for the efficient and reasonable collaborative extraction and utilization of copper–cobalt resources.

     

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