陈风梅, 高孺, 吴广磊. 碳化物基复合材料在电磁波吸收应用中的研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.03.13.001
引用本文: 陈风梅, 高孺, 吴广磊. 碳化物基复合材料在电磁波吸收应用中的研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.03.13.001
CHEN Fengmei, GAO Ru, WU Guanglei. Research progress on carbide-based composites for electromagnetic wave absorption applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.03.13.001
Citation: CHEN Fengmei, GAO Ru, WU Guanglei. Research progress on carbide-based composites for electromagnetic wave absorption applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.03.13.001

碳化物基复合材料在电磁波吸收应用中的研究进展

Research progress on carbide-based composites for electromagnetic wave absorption applications

  • 摘要: 电磁波吸收材料在过去几十年中取得了长足的进步,由于其对入射电磁波的重要衰减作用,在防辐射和反雷达探测中发挥着越来越重要的作用. 随着纳米技术的蓬勃发展,高性能电磁波吸收材料的设计已不仅仅依赖于单一成分介质的固有特性,而是更加注重不同成分的协同效应,从而产生丰富的损耗机制. 在各种候选材料中,碳化物通常具有化学稳定性、低密度、可调介电性能和多样化的形态/微结构等特点,因此,探索并设计碳化物基复合材料将是获得具有良好实际应用前景的新型电磁波吸收材料的可行途径. 本文介绍了与介电复合材料相关的电磁损耗机制,然后重点介绍碳化物基复合材料作为高性能电磁波吸收材料的最新进展,包括共价型碳化物、间充型碳化物、MXene基碳化物以及一些不常见的碳化物基复合材料和多组分复合材料. 详细讨论了有关成分优化、结构工程、性能增强和结构‒功能关系的关键信息. 此外,在比较了一些代表性复合材料的性能后,还提出了碳化物基复合材料发展面临的一些挑战和前景.

     

    Abstract: With continuously evolving wireless communication technologies, the technological revolution marked by advances in artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and the metaverse is fundamentally reshaping our society, making it more convenient, intelligent, and information-centric. However, owing to the booming development and popularization of 5G and mankind’s over-reliance on a variety of smart devices, electromagnetic waves have permeated every aspect of people’s lives. This has led to an alarming increase in the density of electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic pollution. Electromagnetic absorption materials are functional materials that efficiently absorb incident electromagnetic waves and convert microwave energy into Joule heat to process external electromagnetic waves, thereby regulating them. Over the last few decades, electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials have made significant strides and are playing increasingly crucial roles in radiation protection and antiradar detection, owing to their effective attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves. With the vigorous development of nanotechnology, the design of high-performance electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials has relied on the intrinsic properties of single-component media and has focused on the synergistic effect of different components, resulting in rich loss mechanisms. In recent years, carbide-based composites have received increasing attention in the field of electromagnetic absorption. Among the various candidate materials, carbides are typically characterized by chemical stability, low density, tunable dielectric properties, and diverse morphologies/microstructures. Therefore, exploring and designing carbide-based composites is a feasible approach for the development of novel electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with promising prospects for practical applications. A summary of the status of the development of carbide-based composites as a new generation of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials would be helpful for understanding and furthering their advancement. In this review, we introduce the electromagnetic loss mechanisms associated with dielectric composites and discuss the recent advances in the use of various types of carbide-based composites as high-performance electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. These composites include covalent carbides, interstitial carbides, less common carbide-based composites, and multicomponent composites, such as MXene and high-entropy MAX phase carbides. Key information on composition optimization, structural engineering, performance enhancement, and structure–function relationships are discussed. Additionally, the properties of representative composites are compared, and the challenges and prospects associated with the development of carbide-based composites are presented.

     

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