Abstract: Achieving global carbon neutrality is one of the key targets set by countries in 2050 to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. In order to achieve these ambitious goals, the use of electrolytic water to produce hydrogen has become one of the important key solutions to solve the problem of global carbon neutrality. In this paper, the recent research progress in the field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is reviewed. First of all, this paper introduces the working principle and structure diagram of four kinds of water electrolysis technology: alkaline (ALK), proton exchange membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM) and solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC). Secondly, the parameters and advantages and disadvantages of different electrolytic water hydrogen production technologies are summarized and compared. In addition, the research progress of catalyst materials for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water in recent years is reviewed, and the properties of materials are improved by developing new materials and improving structures. Finally, the development trend and future research direction of hydrogen production technology by electrolytic water are prospected, including further improving the activity and stability of catalysts, reducing the energy consumption of electrolytic process, and developing new electrolytic equipment. The research in this paper is of great significance for promoting the development of hydrogen production technology by electrolytic water and promoting the realization of global carbon neutrality goal, and provides an important reference and guidance for future research.