万象隆, 傅岸峰, 要逸铎, 刘天歌, 段丁娜, 谢雪光, 于昊, 李丹阳, 文冬(通讯作者). 基于脑机接口与虚拟现实的认知诊疗应用[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.08.05.001
引用本文: 万象隆, 傅岸峰, 要逸铎, 刘天歌, 段丁娜, 谢雪光, 于昊, 李丹阳, 文冬(通讯作者). 基于脑机接口与虚拟现实的认知诊疗应用[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.08.05.001
Applications of Brain-Computer Interface and Virtual Reality in Cognitive Diagnosis and Treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.08.05.001
Citation: Applications of Brain-Computer Interface and Virtual Reality in Cognitive Diagnosis and Treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.08.05.001

基于脑机接口与虚拟现实的认知诊疗应用

Applications of Brain-Computer Interface and Virtual Reality in Cognitive Diagnosis and Treatment

  • 摘要: 认知涉及注意力、记忆、情感,是人类获取和应用知识的基本过程。随着全球老龄化加速,认知障碍如轻度认知障碍(Mild Cognitive Impairment,MCI)、阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's Disease, AD)和痴呆症已成为重大健康问题。早期诊断和治疗认知障碍能够改善患者生活质量并减轻社会负担,但药物治疗、功能性磁共振成像(Functional Magenetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI)和功能性近红外光谱(Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy,fNIRS)等传统方法存在诊断准确性低、药物效果有限及评估工具缺乏等问题。脑机接口(Brain-Computer Interface,BCI)和虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术的结合,为认知诊疗提供了新的解决方案。BCI通过分析大脑信号,实现脑与计算机或其他设备之间的信息交换,在运动功能障碍康复中已有成功应用。VR通过沉浸式的虚拟环境,为认知训练和康复提供逼真互动体验。BCI-VR技术结合多感官刺激和实时反馈,增强了认知训练效果。本文回顾了BCI和VR技术在认知诊断和治疗中的应用现状,介绍了基于脑电图(Electroencephalogram,EEG)、功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)和功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)的BCI诊断方法以及基于VR的诊断方法,并探讨了这些技术的优势与挑战。此外,本文分析了跨个体、跨场景脑电信号分析对提高认知障碍评估精准性和有效性的贡献。总结了BCI-VR技术在认知行为治疗、记忆与注意力训练、神经康复及情感调节等方面的应用,强调了BCI-VR技术在认知障碍治疗中的潜力。尽管BCI-VR技术展现了广阔前景,但仍面临设备复杂、个性化设计不足,以及实验样本局限等挑战。未来的发展方向包括设备的小型化与低成本化、多模态BCI技术及大语言模型的应用,同时,需要加强政产学研医的深入合作以推动BCI-VR技术在认知诊疗领域的临床转化。

     

    Abstract: Cognition encompasses attention, memory, and emotion and is fundamental to the process by which humans acquire and apply knowledge. With the acceleration of global aging, cognitive impairments such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and dementia have emerged as significant health concerns. Early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairments can improve patients' quality of life and reduce societal burdens. However, traditional methods such as pharmacotherapy, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) are hindered by low diagnostic accuracy, limited drug efficacy, and a lack of comprehensive assessment tools. The integration of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies offers novel solutions for cognitive diagnosis and treatment. BCI, which facilitates information exchange between the brain and computers or other devices by analyzing brain signals, has been successfully applied in the rehabilitation of motor function disorders. VR, by creating immersive virtual environments, provides realistic interactive experiences for cognitive training and rehabilitation. The combination of BCI and VR technologies enhances the effectiveness of cognitive training through multi-sensory stimulation and real-time feedback. This paper reviews the current applications of BCI and VR technologies in cognitive diagnosis and treatment. It introduces BCI diagnostic methods based on Electroencephalogram (EEG), fMRI, and fNIRS, as well as VR-based diagnostic methods, and discusses the advantages and challenges of these technologies. Additionally, this paper analyzes the contribution of cross-individual and cross-scenario EEG signal analysis to the precision and effectiveness of cognitive impairment assessment. The paper also summarizes the applications of BCI-VR technology in cognitive behavioral therapy, memory and attention training, neurorehabilitation, and emotion regulation, highlighting its potential in treating cognitive impairments. Despite the promising prospects of BCI-VR technology, challenges such as device complexity, insufficient personalization, and limited experimental samples remain. Future research directions include the miniaturization and cost reduction of devices, the development of multimodal BCI technologies, and the application of large language models. Strengthening collaborations among government, industry, academia, research institutions, and the medical field is essential to advance the clinical translation of BCI-VR technology in cognitive diagnosis and treatment.

     

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