Abstract: The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has attracted widespread attention for its impact on human health through its accumulation in plants and its entry into the food chain, where it reduces seed germination, affects early seedling growth and plant biomass. However, hyperaccumulators can grow normally in highly Cd-contaminated soils, and they employ various strategies to alleviate Cd stress, including confinement of the heavy metal to the cell wall, vesicle isolation, and secretion of a variety of compounds (e.g., Phytochelating peptides (PCs) and organic acids (OAs)) to bind free-moving Cd ions, thereby minimising toxic effects. In addition, plants are also protected from Cd stress by up-regulating genes in the body to mitigate Cd stress when they are subjected to Cd stress. This paper reviews the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cd uptake, translocation and accumulation in hyperaccumulators, focusing on the molecular mechanisms in terms of the coordinated response of plant gene expression to Cd toxicity a