微流控可控合成双金属纳米颗粒负载型多孔聚苯乙烯微球用于对四硝基苯酚的高效催化还原

Continuous microfluidic production of bimetallic nanoparticles stabilized on porous polystyrene microspheres for efficient 4-NP catalytic reduction

  • 摘要: 形貌可控的多孔微球被证明可以作为良好的催化剂载体。在其上负载贵金属纳米颗粒可以显著提升催化性能,然而,传统贵金属纳米颗粒的负载往往存在操作过程复杂、负载不均一、产品批次差异大、重复性差等问题。本工作开发了双螺旋式的微反应器可同时用于多孔聚苯乙烯微球(PPS)的可控制备及在其上实现双贵金属组分(Ag-Au,Ag-Pt)纳米颗粒的连续、可控、高效负载。ICP表征结果表明:在Ag-Pt@PPS中,Ag和Pt的负载量分别为4.86 wt%,3.25 wt%;而在Ag-Au@PPS中,Ag和Au的负载分别为4.75 wt%和3.48 wt%。合成的Ag-Pt@PPS与Ag-Au@PPS分别用于对四硝基苯酚(4-NP)的催化还原反应中,实验结果表明Ag-Au@PPS和Ag-Pt@PPS均对4-NP有显著的催化性能,在NaBH4存在的情况下,符合一级动力学,催化活性参数分别可达400 s-1·g-1和800 s-1·g-1,对应的转化频率(TOF)分别可达1210.0 h-1和2419.2 h-1, 表明Ag-Au@PPS和Ag-Pt@PPS微球均对4-NP有优异的催化效率。更突出的是,即使在五次循环之后,Ag-Pt@PPS催化剂依旧保持着良好的催化活性,表明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。该工作不仅为贵金属纳米颗粒负载型催化剂的可控合成提供了一种新策略,同时双贵金属纳米颗粒活性组分的协同作用显著提升了催化效率。

     

    Abstract: Well-defined porous microspheres exhibit great potential in catalysis as the catalytic substrate. Noble nanoparticle decoration is demonstrated to enhance catalytic performance significantly. In traditional synthetic methods, decorating noble metal nanoparticles on the catalytic substrate is complicated and time-consuming. Moreover, nanoparticles are distributed unevenly on the substrate and tend to aggregate into large size nanoparticles, which considerably reduce the surface area and reduce the catalytic activity. Additionally, batch-to-batch product variation greatly limits the downstream catalytic applications. In this work, a double-spiral microreactor was developed to produce porous polystyrene (PPS) microspheres and noble bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Au, Ag-Pt) loaded PPS microspheres in a controllable and efficient manner. The SEM characterization results demonstrated that the produced PPS microspheres exhibited highly ordered pores, which provided both competitive surface area (~80 m2·g-1) and confined microenvironment for 4-NP catalytic reaction. The ICP-OES measurement results demonstrated that 4.75 wt% Ag and 3.48 wt% Au were loaded on the PPS microspheres. For Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres, Ag and Pt species were determined as 4.86 wt% and 3.25 wt% by ICP-OES. The XPS analysis results revealed that Ag, Pt, Au components are present in the form of zero-valent metals, which is advantageous to the catalytic reaction. Then, the produced Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres were respectively used to reduce p-Nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4. The results revealed that both Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres exhibit significant catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP into 4-AP. In the presence of NaBH4, the catalytic reduction reaction follows first-order kinetics; the reaction rate constants are 0.007 s-1 and 0.006 s-1 for Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres, respectively. The calculated catalytic activity parameters are 400 s-1·g-1 and 800 s-1·g-1, and the calculated turnover frequency (TOF) are 1210.0 h-1 and 2419.2 h-1 with Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres served as catalysts, respectively. The catalytic performance for 4-NP reduction with Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres significantly outperforms monometallic Ag@PPS microspheres. These results indicate that both Ag-Au@PPS and Ag-Pt@PPS microspheres possess remarkable catalytic performance, and the catalytic mechanism is proposed to elucidate the remarkable performance. More prominently, catalytic activity remains slightly change even after five cycles of reusability, suggesting that the catalyst is stable in the reaction system. In summary, this work not only develops a controllable, microfluidic continuous-flow strategy for the preparation of noble bimetallic nanoparticles loaded onto PPS microspheres but also provides an efficient strategy for the catalytic degradation of phenolic pollutants, offering significant advantages for water environment management.

     

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