Abstract: The three-dimensional thermo-electric solid and finite clement model of a great aluminum reduction cell was built based on general finite analytic software ANSYS. Simulation computing was processed with the double nonlinear affection of elasto-plastic material properties and contact problem taken into account, the stress contours and strain contours of cell wall and cradle rack were plotted, the deform law of the aluminum reduction cell's structure was analyzed, and some optimal measures were proposed for structure design. Reverse calculation was carried out under different load conditions on the assumption that the aluminum reduction cell was a elasticity body, and the best loading condition was achieved, which would offer a rapid and available research means for further design and reconstruct of an aluminum reduction cell.