Depressing capability of modified starches in the reverse flotation of quartz from hematite with cationic collectors
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摘要: 以十二胺为捕收剂，木薯原淀粉、取代度为0.026和0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度为0.0065和0.055的磷酸酯淀粉作为抑制剂，考察了赤铁矿与石英的可浮性，重点研究了基团取代度对变性淀粉抑制性能的影响.结果表明：原淀粉、取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.0065的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿有良好的抑制作用，而取代度0.21的羧甲基淀粉和取代度0.055的磷酸酯淀粉对赤铁矿的抑制能力较弱；原淀粉和取代度0.026的羧甲基淀粉对石英有较强抑制作用，其他3种淀粉对石英抑制能力较弱.可见，低取代度的磷酸酯淀粉，在赤铁矿阳离子反浮选脱硅中可作为较高选择性的抑制剂.Zeta电位测定结果表明，特征基团取代度相对较高的变性淀粉，与赤铁矿和石英作用后，矿物Zeta电位负值较大.变性淀粉的取代度越高，其伸展向溶液中荷负电的基团越多，使阳离子捕收剂通过静电作用吸附于矿物表面，减弱了变性淀粉的抑制能力.Abstract: The floatability of hematite and quartz were investigated using dodecylamine as collector and cassava starch, carboxymethyl starches with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.026 and 0.21, and phosphate ester starches with DS of 0.0065 and 0.055 as depressants. The effect of DS on the depressing behavior of modified starches was studied. The flotation results show that native starch, carboxymethyl starch with DS of 0.026, and phosphate ester starch with DS of 0.0065 can strongly depress hematite, whereas carboxymethyl starch with DS of 0.21 and phosphate ester starch with DS of 0.055 weakly depress it. The native starch and carboxymethyl starch with DS of 0.026 can strongly depress quartz, whereas the other three starches are investigated possessed less depressing capabilities for quartz. The results reveal that a low-DS phosphate ester starch is a highly selective depressant in the reverse flotation of silica-containing iron ore with cationic collectors. The Zeta potential measurements exhibit that modified starches with higher DS can lead to lower Zeta potentials of minerals. Thus, the weakened depressing capabilities of modified starches might adsorb cationic collectors on the mineral surface via electrostatic attraction with negatively charged groups stretching into the solution.
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