CO2分压对N80油管钢在CO2驱注井环空环境中应力腐蚀行为的影响

Effect of CO2 partial pressure on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of N80 tubing steel in the annulus environment of CO2 injection well

  • 摘要: 使用恒应变试样浸泡试验、表面分析技术和电化学测试技术研究了CO2分压对N80钢在模拟CO2驱注井环空环境中应力腐蚀行为的影响。研究结果表明:CO2分压对腐蚀速率的影响存在一个拐点,环境温度为25 ℃时拐点约为1 MPa。当CO2分压小于1 MPa时,由于腐蚀产物膜(FeCO3)成形较慢,覆盖率低,随CO2分压的增高,N80钢的自腐蚀电流密度快速增大;当CO2分压大于1 MPa时,腐蚀产物膜能以较快的速率成形,覆盖率高,CO2分压的进一步增高反会使得N80钢的腐蚀电流密度降低。CO2溶于模拟环空溶液中会使溶液pH持续下降,促使N80油管钢在环空环境下发生应力腐蚀开裂。N80钢在CO2注入井环空环境中的应力腐蚀开裂机制是阳极溶解和氢脆共同作用的混合机制。应力腐蚀裂纹在萌生阶段局部阳极溶解作用(点蚀)为主导,该作用下CO2分压为1 MPa时应力腐蚀裂纹最易萌生;在应力腐蚀裂纹生长阶段氢脆作用更强,这种作用导致CO2分压更高时应力腐蚀裂纹更容易生长,应力腐蚀敏感性进一步提高。

     

    Abstract: CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technology is the process of capturing CO2, transporting the captured CO2 to a storage site, and injecting the captured CO2 into an oil field to enhance oil recovery. CO2-EOR technology can greatly increase the profitability of oil fields. It is also a promising method for reducing CO2 emission and improving the environment. For these reasons, this technology has become increasingly important for the development of the global oil industry and has been widely explored. However, CO2 injection significantly increases the risk of corrosion failure of tubing steel. As such, the effect of CO2 on the stress corrosion behavior of tubing steel should be investigated. In this study, the effect of CO2 partial pressure (P_\rmCO_2 ) on the stress corrosion behavior of N80 steel was examined using an immersion test, a surface analysis technique, and an electrochemical technology. Results reveal that the influence of P_\rmCO_2 on the corrosion rate has an inflection point of approximately 1 MPa. When P_\rmCO_2 is <1 MPa, a corrosion product film (FeCO3) forms slowly, and the coverage rate is low. As P_\rmCO_2 increases, the corrosion current density of N80 steel increases. When P_\rmCO_2 is >1 MPa, the corrosion product film can form at a faster rate, and the corrosion current density of N80 steel decreases as P_\rmCO_2 increases. The pH of the solution decreases continuously when CO2 is dissolved in solution. Consequently, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of N80 tubing steel occurs in an annulus environment. The SCC mechanism of N80 steel in the annulus environment of CO2 injection wells is the combination of anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Localized AD (pitting) is dominant in SCC at the initiation stage, and SCC is most likely initiated at P_\rmCO_2 of 1 MPa. At the crack growth stage, HE has a stronger effect on SCC than AD, the SCC easily grows with a high P_\rmCO_2 , and SCC sensitivity further improves.

     

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