Abstract: For the good heat dissipation capacity of heat pipes and the characteristics of two-stage thermoelectric coolers that can achieve greater cooling temperature difference, a two-stage thermoelectric chiller model based on heat pipe heat dissipation is proposed. Based on finite-time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, various thermoelectric effects including the Thomson effect are considered. The effects of working current, distribution ratio of thermoelectric elements and heat pipe geometric parameters (heat pipe outer diameter, evaporating section length and wick thickness) on the device's cooling load, coefficient of performance (COP) and extreme cooling temperature difference are analyzed by numerical simulation method. Under the constraint of a certain total logarithm of the thermoelectric unit, the cooling load and the COP are taken as the targets, respectively. The working current and the distribution ratio of the thermoelectric elements are used as the optimization variables to optimize the performance of the device. The influence of key parameters on the optimal variables and optimal performance is analyzed, and the optimal interval of coordinated cooling load and COP is obtained.