Abstract: Biomass is a renewable resource, which is abundant in China. Biochar obtained from the carbonization of biomass materials has been widely used in energy storage, adsorption and other fields. Studying the carbonization process of biomass materials is beneficial to the effective utilization of biochar. In this paper, the effects of biomass types and carbonization conditions (including carbonization temperature and time, pretreatment, etc.) on the structure, morphology and properties of carbon in the carbonized products during the carbonization of biomass materials were summarized. At the same time, different methods such as the template method and chemical vapor deposition method were summarized to prepare carbon nanotubes using biomass materials, and the effects of lignin and cellulose components in biomass materials on the preparation of carbon nanotubes were analyzed. On this basis, the application prospect of biomass materials in carbon-containing refractories has prospected in order to provide ideas for the preparation of new carbon-containing refractories with low cost and high performance.