钢铁工业烟气脱硝技术应用进展及前景

Progress and prospects of flue gas deNOx technology for the iron and steel industry

  • 摘要: 氮氧化物(NOx)已成为我国首要大气污染物,钢铁工业是工业源NOx排放的主要来源。烧结、球团、炼焦等工序是钢铁工业NOx超低排放改造的重点,但其烟气特性与火电厂烟气存在差异,烟气脱硝技术不能完全照搬现有燃煤锅炉脱硝工艺。目前,选择性催化还原(SCR)、活性炭(焦)(AC)吸附催化、臭氧(O3)氧化协同吸收等技术已在烧结、球团、炼焦等工序成功应用,并均取得了良好效果。本文针对钢铁工业超低排放的迫切需求,梳理了钢铁工业烧结、球团、炼焦等主要工序的现有烟气脱硝技术及其应用,重点总结并对比分析了SCR技术、AC吸附催化和O3氧化协同吸收技术的应用进展及优劣势。其中,SCR技术正逐步成为钢铁工业脱硝市场的主流技术,占比超过70%,因此脱硝催化剂及其再生具有长期巨大的市场需求。AC吸附催化和O3氧化协同吸收等新型技术因其适用温度低,无需烟气升温等,在钢铁工业越来越受到青睐,将逐步得到更多钢铁企业的支持。

     

    Abstract: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary air pollutant in China. The iron and steel industries have become the primary industrial sources of NOx emissions in China. The NOx emissions from iron and steel industries account for 27.3% of all industrial NOx emissions from sources nationwide, surpassing thermal power generation and cement manufacturing. Over the past ten years, China’s iron and steel industry has achieved tremendous results in flue gas desulfurization, but a huge gap in denitrogenate (deNOx) still remains. In 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments jointly issued “Opinions on Promoting the Implementation of Ultra-low Emission in the Iron and Steel Industry”, which promoted the retrofitting of ultra-low emission in the iron and steel industry. Sintering, pelleting, coking, and other processes are the focus of retrofitting for NOx emissions. Because their low-temperature flue gas contains several contaminants that differ from the flue gas of thermal power plants, they cannot completely copy the existing deNOx technology for the coal-fired boiler flue gas of thermal power plants. At present, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), activated carbon (AC) adsorption catalysis, ozone (O3) oxidation and absorption, and other technologies are used in sintering, pelleting, and coking processes. These technologies have achieved good results. Herein, we investigated the existing flue gas deNOx technologies for sintering, pelleting, and coking processes in iron and steel industries and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of SCR technology, AC adsorption catalysis, and O3 oxidation and absorption technologies. The SCR technology has high efficiency and reliable performance, but the operation process requires heating of the flue gas, which uses large amounts of blast furnace gas or coking oven gas, and the service life of the catalyst is typically approximately three years. The waste SCR catalysts are recognized as HW50 hazardous waste. AC adsorption catalytic technology can simultaneously desulfurize and deNOx; its operating temperature is low without flue gas reheating. The by-product of H2SO4 can be utilized, and the waste AC produced can be directly used for sintering or coking, while its deNOx efficiency is low. O3 oxidation and absorption technologies have a low initial investment cost and require little floor space. However, their operating cost is relatively high, and the coabsorption of NOx and SO2 makes the desulfurization ash mixed with nitrate, which increases the difficulty of comprehensive utilization. Finally, we analyzed the application possibilities of SCR and other technologies, providing a reference for the development and selection of deNOx technologies for flue gas from the iron and steel industry.

     

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