伊力夏提·伊力哈木江, 孟 宇, 白国星, 顾青, 王国栋, 常鑫睿. 前馈非线性模型预测控制的类车机器人路径跟踪[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.04.29.008
引用本文: 伊力夏提·伊力哈木江, 孟 宇, 白国星, 顾青, 王国栋, 常鑫睿. 前馈非线性模型预测控制的类车机器人路径跟踪[J]. 工程科学学报. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.04.29.008
Path tracking for car-like robots based on feed-forward nonlinear model predictive control[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.04.29.008
Citation: Path tracking for car-like robots based on feed-forward nonlinear model predictive control[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.04.29.008

前馈非线性模型预测控制的类车机器人路径跟踪

Path tracking for car-like robots based on feed-forward nonlinear model predictive control

  • 摘要: 类车机器人由于零件标准化程度低,侧偏刚度等轮胎力学参数难以准确获得,存在动力学建模十分困难的问题,因此现有研究工作通常以运动学模型作为类车机器人的控制模型,但由于其运动学模型存在模型失配,会导致类车机器人与参考路径之间的误差、类车机器人的前轮转角和前轮转角速度出现剧烈振荡现象。针对前述问题,本文基于非线性模型预测控制(Nonlinear Model predictive control, NMPC)的滚动优化原理,引入基于逆运动学模型的前馈转角信息,将前轮转角作为预测模型的第四个维度,提出一种基于前馈非线性模型预测控制(Feedforward NMPC, FNMPC)的类车机器人路径跟踪控制算法,并通过Simulink和CarSim进行了联合仿真。实验结果表明,FNMPC有效减小了模型失配导致的振荡现象,同时使模型具有较高的跟踪精度。其中前馈非线性模型预测控制器的位移误差绝对值不超过0.1106 m,航向误差绝对值不超过0.1253 rad。在相同工况下,线性模型预测控制、前馈线性模型预测控制、纯跟踪控制和Stanley控制误差发散,而本文提出的FNMPC相比已有NMPC跟踪精度更高,且控制增量绝对累计值相比NMPC控制器最大值减小67.53 %,平均值减小64.27 %。

     

    Abstract: Due to the low degree of parts standardization of car-like robots, tire mechanical parameters such as cornering stiffness are difficult to obtain accurately, and dynamic modeling is very difficult. Therefore, existing research work usually uses kinematic models as the control model of car-like robots. However, due to model mismatch in its kinematic model, it will lead to severe oscillations in the error between the car-like robot and the reference path, the front wheel angle and the front wheel angular speed. In response to the aforementioned problems, this paper is based on the rolling optimization principle of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), introduces feedforward angle information based on the inverse kinematics model, uses the front wheel angle as the fourth dimension of the prediction model, and proposes A car-like robot path tracking control algorithm based on feedforward nonlinear model predictive control (Feedforward NMPC, FNMPC), and jointly simulated through Simulink and CarSim. Experimental results show that FNMPC effectively reduces the oscillation phenomenon caused by model mismatch, while enabling the model to have higher tracking accuracy. Among them, the absolute value of the displacement error of the feedforward nonlinear model prediction controller does not exceed 0.1106 m, and the absolute value of the heading error does not exceed 0.1253 rad. Under the same working conditions, linear model predictive control, feedforward linear model predictive control, pure tracking control and Stanley control errors diverge. However, the FNMPC proposed in this paper has higher tracking accuracy than the existing NMPC, and the absolute cumulative value of the control increment is far away. Lower than the NMPC algorithm.

     

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