基于ANSYS Workbench的某边三轮车架有限元强度分析

Finite element strength analysis of a side trike frame based on ANSYS Workbench

  • 摘要: 近年来,随着车辆设计向轻量化、高强度化方向发展,边三轮车车架作为关键的承载结构,其性能直接影响车辆的整体强度和稳定性. 车架在复杂工况下承受纵向弯曲、横向弯曲和扭转载荷,因此在设计车架过程中不仅需满足强度和刚度要求,还需确保车架长期使用的可靠性与安全性. 有限元分析(Finite element analysis, FEA)作为一种高效的结构性能研究手段,能够通过精确建模和仿真分析对车架在静态和动态载荷作用下的应力分布、变形及振动特性进行全面评估,从而为结构性能的验证提供理论依据和数据支持. 相较于传统经验设计与试验验证方法,有限元分析具有高效性和精确性的优势,已广泛应用于车架结构的设计和分析. 然而,现有研究多集中于车架的轻量化设计,对于标准载荷条件下对既有设计的性能验证研究较为稀缺. 本研究针对某边三轮车架,基于ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件对其结构性能进行系统验证. 首先,采用APDL语言编写参数化建模命令流,建立了车架的三维模型,并对非承载部分进行了合理简化处理,以提高计算效率;其次,通过静力学分析,评估车架在设计载荷下的应力分布和变形情况,验证其强度设计的合理性;再次,通过模态分析获取车架的前六阶固有频率和振型,评估其动态特性及共振风险;最后,结合路面振动台架试验,验证车架在实际振动环境下的稳定性和耐久性. 本研究旨在验证现有设计的合理性,为边三轮车架在实际工况下的强度和动态性能提供科学评估,同时为类似结构的设计与工程应用提供重要参考.

     

    Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid advancements in automotive engineering and rising demand for lightweight and high-strength vehicles, the frame of three-wheelers has emerged as a vital structural component that significantly impacted the overall stability and integrity of the vehicle. This component is responsible for supporting various loads and maintaining the structural balance under diverse and often unpredictable real-world operating conditions. The frame must withstand a range of complex load types, such as longitudinal bending, lateral bending, and torsional loads while adhering to the stringent design requirements for strength and stiffness. Given these requirements, the frame’s structural reliability is critical to ensuring vehicle safety and performance. Modern computational tools, particularly finite element analysis (FEA), have revolutionized the approach to vehicle design by providing a detailed understanding of how components perform under various conditions. FEA enables precise evaluation of critical parameters such as stress distribution, deformation, and vibration behavior under both static and dynamic loads. Compared to traditional design methods that rely heavily on empirical calculations and experimental prototyping, FEA provides improved efficiency, accuracy, and versatility, allowing engineers to optimize designs more effectively and shorten development cycles. Despite the widespread use of FEA in lightweight and optimization studies, few efforts have been made to systematically verify existing frame designs under standard operating loads. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a side three-wheeler frame using ANSYS Workbench. Initially, a detailed parametric model of the frame was developed using APDL scripting to streamline the creation of a precise three-dimensional representation. During the modeling process, non-load-bearing components were simplified to enhance computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Static analysis was then performed to evaluate the stress distribution and deformation of the frame under predefined design loads. The results confirmed that all stress levels remained within the allowable limits of the frame material, thereby validating the strength design and ensuring structural safety. To further investigate the frame’s dynamic behavior, modal analysis was performed to calculate the first six natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration modes. The analysis revealed that the natural frequencies were well-separated from common excitation frequencies encountered during vehicle operation, effectively mitigating the risk of resonance. This result is critical for ensuring stable and reliable performance under dynamic conditions. To validate the computational results, experimental road vibration tests were conducted using a vibration test bench. These tests simulated real-world operating conditions by subjecting the frame to repeated vibration cycles and assessing its stability, durability, and overall performance under harsh conditions. The experimental results demonstrated minimal deformation and no evidence of structural damage, indicating that the frame design is robust and reliable. Time-domain vibration acceleration data, with a fluctuation range of −0.4g to 0.4g, supported the vehicle’s dynamic performance. By combining advanced computational methods with experimental validation, this study provides a more holistic and reliable evaluation of the frame’s structural performance. The integration of FEA modeling, static and dynamic analysis, and real-world testing ensures that the frame meets all safety and performance requirements. This systematic approach not only confirms the rationality and safety of the current design but also provides valuable insights for assessing and improving similar load-bearing structures in future vehicle applications. The results of this study contribute to the development of safe, reliable, and high-performance vehicles, highlighting the importance of simulation-driven engineering and experimental verification in advancing modern automotive design practices.

     

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