异构三机器人协同搬运的高柔顺性研究

Research on High Flexibility of Heterogeneous three-robot Collaborative Handling

  • 摘要: 针对异构三机器人系统的协同搬运柔顺性问题,提出基于近端策略优化(Proximal Policy Optimization)的强化学习控制方法。在CoppeliaSim机器人仿真器中建立了异构三机器人协同搬运的仿真环境,分别开展了力控制与强化学习控制的对比仿真。仿真结果表明:强化学习控制下,物体质心的轨迹误差在Z方向上最优,仅为力控制的4.7%,机器人2的末端速度变化和其典型关节的角速度变化更为平滑。采用sim2real的方法,将两种控制方法部署到三机器人协同搬运实验中。实验结果表明:强化学习控制下,Z方向的物体轨迹跟踪误差同样最优,仅为力控制的5.4%。机器人2在X方向上的速度变化仅为力控制的20.7%,其典型关节展现出更好的柔顺性,角速度变化仅为力控制下的35.2%。仿真与实验结果表明:强化学习的控制效果更优,也具备从仿真到现实迁移的可行性。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the flexibility issue in the collaborative handling of the heterogeneous three-robot system, a reinforcement learning control strategy based on Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is proposed. A simulation environment for the collaborative handling of the heterogeneous three robots is established in the CoppeliaSim robot simulator, and the simulations of force control and reinforcement learning control are performed respectively. The comparison of simulation results show that under the reinforcement learning control, the trajectory error of the mass center of the handled object is the smallest in the Z direction, which is only 4.7% of that under the force control. The end effector velocity change of robot 2 and the angular velocity change of its typical joint are much smoother. Through the sim2real solution, both control methods are deployed in the three-robot collaborative handling experiment. The experimental results indicate that under the reinforcement learning control, the object trajectory tracking error in the Z direction is also the smallest, only 5.4% of that under the force control. The velocity change of robot in the X direction is only 20.7% of that under the force control, and its typical joint 2 reveals better flexibility, with the angular velocity change being only 35.2% of that under the force control. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the reinforcement learning method is provided with better performance, and it also has the feasibility of being transferred from simulation to reality.

     

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