强化针铁矿法除铁的研究现状和进展

Research Progress of Enhanced Iron Removal by Goethite Process

  • 摘要: 湿法炼锌浸出液中铁的去除是重要的一道工序,铁离子会在电极上发生氧化还原,造成阴极锌的反溶、阳极腐蚀、降低电流效率和增加能耗,严重影响电积工艺。针铁矿法除铁具有渣量少、易过滤、稀贵金属损失低等优点,沉淀产生的针铁矿渣相不含S元素,可以从源头减少杂质元素,为炼钢中铁水预处理工艺降低处理难度,只需提高渣铁含量就可作为炼铁原料,因此是目前主流的除铁方法。但是针铁矿法除铁时间长、晶型混杂不稳定以及渣铁含量低等难题,导致实际工业应用效果不佳。针对上述问题,本文以氧化、水解和中和三个针铁矿法形成环节,综述了强化改善针铁矿法除铁效率的方法,如氧压水热法、剪切强化法、氧化法、晶种诱导法、反应器控制和中和剂优化法等,旨为突破局限,对后续强化针铁矿法研究提供思路和想法,并展望了强化针铁矿法除铁新方向。

     

    Abstract: The removal of iron in the leaching solution of zinc hydrometallurgy is an important process. Iron ions will be oxidized and reduced on the electrode, resulting in reverse dissolution of cathode zinc, anode corrosion, reduction of current efficiency and increase of energy consumption, which seriously affects the electrowinning process. Iron removal by goethite method has the advantages of less slag, easy filtration and low loss of rare and precious metals. The goethite slag phase produced by precipitation does not contain S element, which can reduce impurity elements from the source and reduce the difficulty of treatment for hot metal pretreatment process in steelmaking. It can be used as ironmaking raw material only by increasing the content of slag iron, so it is the mainstream iron removal method at present. However, the problems of long iron removal time, unstable crystal form and low slag iron content in goethite method lead to poor practical industrial application effect. In view of the above problems, this paper reviews the methods of strengthening and improving the iron removal efficiency of goethite method, such as oxygen pressure hydrothermal method, shear strengthening method, oxidation method, seed induction method, reactor control and neutralization agent optimization method, based on the three formation links of goethite method, such as oxidation, hydrolysis and neutralization. The purpose is to break through the limitations, provide ideas and ideas for the follow-up study of strengthening goethite method, and look forward to the new direction of iron removal by strengthening goethite method.

     

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