钢筋绑扎机器人平面顺序全覆盖路径规划

Order-constrained coverage path planning for rebar-tying robots on planar surfaces

  • 摘要: 针对钢筋绑扎作业中钢筋平面稳定性对绑扎顺序的要求,提出一种绑扎优先级感知神经网络融合基于A*死区逃逸策略的顺序全覆盖路径规划方法. 首先,依据钢筋平面和绑扎机器人的结构特点,构建钢筋平面的栅格地图. 随后,在考虑绑扎顺序约束、障碍规避以及机器人结构限制对路径可行性影响的基础上,提出一种目标重构的优先感知神经网络路径规划策略. 为解决规划陷入局部死区的问题,进一步将基于A*的死区逃逸策略引入规划框架,实现实时逃逸与路径自适应调整. 最后,为定量评估路径规划算法在钢筋绑扎作业中的综合性能,构建了一套面向钢筋平面的评价指标体系,其中,钢筋平面稳定性基于扰动扩散–耗散模型进行表征,通过分析扰动能量在钢筋平面中的传播与衰减行为来反映其整体稳定性. 为验证本文方法的鲁棒性和优越性,引入多种经典的覆盖规划算法进一步对比,仿真结果表明,该方法在保证施工顺序合理性的同时降低路径重复率,并且使钢筋平面稳定性提升30%以上,显著提升了钢筋平面的整体稳定性. 多场景实体实验进一步验证了所提方法在自动钢筋绑扎作业中的普适性与工程可行性.

     

    Abstract: To address the strict sequencing requirements imposed by the rebar plane stability in automated rebar-tying operations, this study formulates an order-constrained full-coverage path planning (OC-CPP) problem. To solve this problem, a sequence-aware full-coverage path planning method is proposed that integrates a priority-aware neural network (PANN) with a dead-zone escape strategy based on A* (DZES-A*). The objective is to achieve rebar plane coverage planning with high stability, fully executable paths, and low repetition rates. First, the obstacle regions on the rebar plane are expanded according to the obstacle types, boundary constraints, and structural dimensions of the tying robot. This enables the effective avoidance of potential collisions during planning. Then, the expanded environment is discretized into grid cells based on the effective workspace of the robot to construct a grid map suitable for full-coverage path planning algorithms. Considering the practical engineering requirement that the edge regions of the rebar mesh should be tied before the center to reduce the cumulative displacement and enhance the overall plane stability, the planned paths must also satisfy the motion feasibility under obstacle avoidance and robot structural constraints. To satisfy these requirements, a target-reconstruction-based PANN strategy is proposed. This strategy incorporates a tying-priority matrix and cross-domain inhibition mechanism, enabling the planning process to comply with sequence constraints, adapt to environmental conditions, and achieve full coverage. In addition, a target reconfiguration strategy (TRS) is applied to map the eight-neighborhood environmental information into four-neighborhood executable actions without losing environmental details, ensuring that the planned paths are feasible and executable by the robot. Because of the edge-to-center sequence constraint, the planned paths may become trapped in the dead zones. To address this issue, the A* algorithm is integrated into the coverage framework to generate feasible escape paths. Furthermore, a DZES-A* mechanism is introduced to balance the feasibility and efficiency of the escape segments. The resulting DZES-A* paths can be seamlessly integrated into the overall coverage trajectory to produce a complete, sequential, and executable full-coverage plan. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method in practical rebar-tying operations, a comprehensive evaluation system was established including the rebar plane stability, coverage rate, and repetition rate. Plane stability was quantified using a disturbance diffusion–dissipation model that reflected global structural stability by analyzing the propagation and attenuation of disturbance energy across the plane. To verify its robustness and superiority, multiple two-dimensional comparative experiments were conducted. Zigzag scanning, a traditional bio-inspired neural network (BINN), and the proposed PANN were each combined with both classical A* and DZES-A* algorithms to systematically assess the performance under different planning frameworks. The results indicated that, compared with classical A* that might generate non-executable escape paths, all escape paths generated by DZES-A* were fully executable. When the coverage rate was maintained at 92.92%, the PANN method reduced the repetition rate by 1.28% and 0.27% compared with zigzag scanning and the standard BINN, respectively, while increasing the computation time by only 0.01 s and 0.21 s, respectively; the rebar plane stability improved by 31.96% and 42.56%, respectively, significantly enhancing the overall structural performance. Finally, experiments conducted on a laboratory rebar-tying robot under multiple scenarios demonstrated the generality, stability, and engineering feasibility of the proposed method in automated rebar-tying operations.

     

/

返回文章
返回