Development path and key technology analysis of shaft and tunnel construction in deep stratum with high temperature

The joint exploitation of deep mineral and geothermal resources strategy provides an effective way to realize the economic exploitation of “resources-thermal” and achieve a win-win situation. The technology for deep high-temperature stratum shaft and roadway construction is an important support and guarantee for the safe and efficient implementation of the “ore-thermal co-mining” strategy. The necessity and urgency of this deep “ore-thermal co-mining” strategy to the technical requirements of shaft and roadway construction are analyzed. Combined with the analysis of the status quo of mine construction technology, it is clear that the non-blasting rock breaking technology represented by mechanical rock breaking is an important direction in the development of deep shaft and roadway construction technology at present. Mechanical rock breaking technology is a technical approach to solve the existing problems in the process of drilling and blasting excavation, such as too many underground workers, complex working procedures, serious occupational injury, and environmental pollution. In the hard rock stratum, partial section roadheader equipment has low boring efficiency, large tool consumption, and high economic cost, whereas full-section boring machines used for shaft or roadway have advantages in detection, rock breaking, slag discharge, surrounding rock supporting, and other aspects. Therefore, the development direction of intelligent shaft and roadway construction is proposed. It analyzes the difficulties and challenges faced by shaft and roadway construction in the deep high-temperature stratum, such as precise formation exploration, formation reinforcement and water plugging, high ground temperature prevention and control, high ground stress prevention and control, deep shaft lifting, and manufacturing of shaft and roadway boring machines. Three priority development tasks are proposed: 1) a geological guarantee system for deep high-temperature strata shaft and roadway construction; 2) a construction mode and planning of shaft and roadway in deep high-temperature strata; 3) a complete set of technology and equipment for deep high-temperature stratum shaft and roadway construction. Eight basic theories and key technologies are summarized based on the three priority development tasks: in situ exploration and transparent reconstruction of stratum, suitability of shaft and roadway construction methods in the high-temperature stratum; non-blasting rock breaking in the high-temperature stratum; continuous lifting of deep shaft; modification of deep bad stratum and long-term stability control of surrounding rock; thermal damage treatment of deep shaft; intelligent perception of shaft and roadway equipment; intelligent control of shaft and roadway boring equipment. Based on the above content, the basic theory and technology research system of shaft and roadway construction in a deep high-temperature stratum is preliminarily constructed to provide a reference for deep resource clean mining and the large-scale geothermal clean energy development.